Episodes on Hobbes, Locke, Descartes, Leibniz, Hume, and Kant cover reason, experience, political authority, freedom, and moral judgment during the Enlightenment.
Jeremy Bentham is one of those figures whose name can feel like a label—“utilitarian,” “reformer,” “the greatest happiness principle”—until you pause and remember that a label is never the person. Bentham lived a whole…
Imagine a boy in seventeenth-century Leipzig, wandering alone through a university library that is much too large for him. The year is somewhere in the 1650s. Outside, Europe is still reeling from the Thirty…
Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century German philosopher whose ideas have profoundly influenced the landscape of moral philosophy. His work represents a crucial moment in the Enlightenment, where reason began to take precedence over tradition,…
David Hume, an 18th-century Scottish philosopher, is a towering figure in Western moral philosophy, known for his profound inquiries into human nature, knowledge, and ethics. Coming from the Enlightenment period, Hume lived in a…
René Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician of the early 17th century, is often referred to as the father of modern Western philosophy. His influence extends beyond the realm of abstract thought; it has…
Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher active during the tumultuous 17th century, is a pivotal figure in the history of moral philosophy and political thought. He is best known for his groundbreaking works, particularly "Leviathan,"…
John Locke was a pivotal figure in the development of modern Western philosophy during the late 17th century, a time marked by intellectual upheaval and the growing importance of individual rights and reason. Renowned…
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